The mighty himalayan chain stretches from arunachal pradesh in north east india to jammu and kashmir the northern most tip of india . Generally the himalayas the karakoram and the hindu kush are considered to be a part of one chain . However when one makes a reference to the indian himalayas . It more often than not refers to that part of the himalayan chain which falls within indian territory. Starting from the east the indian himalayas originate from a knot between china and india where the brahmaputra river enters arunachal pradesh . The chain continues until the borders of bhutan . Beyond that lies sikkim which is home to many peaks including the third highest peak in the world khangchendzonga . The himalayan ranges to the west fall within nepalese territory until the border of kumaon and grahwal. From here the ranges extend without a break in indian territory- kinnaur , spiti , kullu, lahaul , zanskar , ladakh , and east karakoram . The ranges further west are part of pakistan and afghanistan. A climbing or trekking trip in the indian himalayas can be more enjoyable if you acquaint yourself with the regions rich geography , history and biodiversity. 

Regions of the indian himalayas broadly consists of following regions:
1 . Kumaon ( Central Himalayas Uttarakhand State ) 
2 . Garhwal ( Central Himalayas Uttarakhand State ) 
3 . Kinnaur ( North West Himalayas Himachal Pradesh) 
4 . Spiti ( North West Himalayas Himachal Pradesh) 
5 . Kullu ( North West Himalayas Himachal Pradesh) 
6 . Lahaul / Northern Valleys ( North West Himalayas Himachal Pradesh ) 
7 . Kishtwar ( Western Himalayas) 
8 . Kashmir ( Western Himalayas) 
9 . Zanskar ( Western Himalayas) 
10 . Ladakh ( Western Himalayas) 
11 . East Karakoram ( Western Himalayas) 
12 . Sikkim ( Eastern Himalayas )
13 . Arunachal Pradesh ( Eastern Himalayas )

The himalayas have played an important role in shaping indias history in many ways the two are inextricably linked . For thousands of years the himalayas have protected the indian subcontinent from marauding central asian tribes .Their height prevent the moisture rich clouds of the south western monsoon from completely by passing the country .The mountains also black cold wings from central asia that would have turned the great indian plains into a cold desert . All the great rivers in north india originate from glaciers high up in thee mountains .The rivers also carry rich alluvial soil from these ranges down to the plains which result in extremely fertile soil that support high agricultural yields .